第2代杉木人工林地土壤微生物数量与土壤因子的关系

根据定位观测数据,对湖南会同第2代杉木人工林地土壤微生物数量与土壤因子的关系进行研究.结果表明:杉木人工林地土壤微生物数量以山洼最多,山坡次之,山脊最少;同一立地类型中,0～20 cm土层中微生物数量最多,20～40 cm次之,40～60 cm最少;在同一立地类型中,微生物总数、细菌的数量秋季最高,冬季最低,而真菌和放线菌的数量夏季最高,秋冬两季最低;同一立地类型的板栗林地土壤微生物总数高于杉木人工林地;微生物总数与土壤含水率呈极显著线性正相关(P＜0.01),细菌、放线菌的数量与土壤含水率呈显著线性正相关(P＜0.05),真菌的数量与土壤含水率不具有相关性(P＞0.05);细菌、真菌、放线菌的数量和微生物总数与10 cm处土壤温度不具有相关性(P＞0.05);细菌、真菌的数量和微生物总数与土壤有机碳含量、全氮含量呈极显著线性正相关(P＜0.01),放线菌的数量与土壤有机碳含量、全氮含量呈显著线性正相关(P＜0.05).土壤温度、土壤含水率、土壤有机碳含量及全氮含量对杉木人工林地土壤微生物数量的贡献率为60%～70%.     

Function and value of water conservation in different age classes of Acacia mangium plantations

For this paper, we studied the water-holding capacity of canopy, vegetation layer under canopy and litter layer, the water-holding capacity and permeability of soil as well as their changes with growth of stands in Acacia mangium plantations of three different age classes (four-, seven-and 11-year-old). Results show that total water-holding above ground in the order of 11-year stand age (52.86 t/hm²)>seven-year stand age (41.90 t/hm²)>seven-year stand age (25.78 t/hm²), the increment tendency increased with stand age. Similar sequence also obtained on the water-holding capacity and permeation capacity of soil (0–40 cm). The total water-storage capacity both above ground and soil in four-year-old, seven-year-old and 11-year-old of A. mangium plantations were 2,023.0, 2,158.4 and 2,260.4 t/hm², respectively, and the all value of water conservation were 1,372.70, 1,474.42 and 1,549.91 yuan (RMB)/hm², respectively. Therefore, A. mangium plantation had a good ability to modify soil structure and good water conservation function. __________ Translated from Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2006, 20(5): 5–8, 27 [译自: 水土保持学报]     

黄土高原沟壑区油松侧柏与沙棘混交的人工林的水文影响

采用国家标准森林分析方法进行了沙棘与油松、侧柏人工混交林的水文影响研究,结果表明:混交林内年均降水量较林外减少了20.1%;林内月降水量的季节变化以夏、秋、春、冬依次递减;年均气温比纯林内低0.1℃,相对湿度高4.5%;乔木层年均截留量较纯林提高了56.6%,灌木层提高了395.7%;年均地表径流量105.8 L,径流摸数为10.58 m3·km-2·a-1,纯林分别为1 349.05 L和134.9 m3·km-2·a-1,土壤侵蚀模数为0.65 t·hm-2·a-1,纯林为9.2 t·hm-2·a-1;枯枝落叶层现存量增加了200%;平均容水量为自身质量的3.1倍;土壤密度和土粒密度分别减少了6.3%和17.7%,含水量、孔隙度和通气度分别提高了6.1 %、13.9%、20.3%.不同土层土壤密度和土粒密度由上到下逐渐增大,孔隙度和通气度表层较高,向下逐渐减少;底层、中层和表层土壤非毛管孔隙度分别提高了113.3%、38.6%和32.6%;最大持水量、最小持水量、毛管持水量分别较纯林平均高11.0%、9.8%、10.5%,较荒地高36.0%、16.0%、25.6%;储水量和0～40 cm储水量分别较纯林和荒地提高了12.4%、22.7%,排水能力也较强.     

Intratree Variability of Cleavage Resistance of Chinese Fir from Plantation

INTRODUCTION Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) is a very important timber species in the southern China (Shi Jisen et al. 1987). It is good, fast-growing, and exempts from serious plant diseases. Its plantation is big in terms of size in the South of China and its storage stock is very rich, which is about 20% of the national commodity wood (Zhou Shuangquan et al. 2000). And the lumber becomes mainly commercial construction materials in China because of straight grain, light and so…     

山桂花人工林林木材性与生长特性关系研究

对山桂花人工林林木木材基本密度和纤维长度径向变异的研究表明 ,山桂花人工林林木的木材材积加权平均基本密度为 0 4 82 6g/cm3 ,低于山桂花天然林林木的木材基本密度 (0 5 30 0g/cm3 ) ;山桂花人工林林木木材纤维长度为 1182 4～ 15 96 4 μm ,材积加权平均值为 1375 4 5 μm ,低于山桂花天然林林木的木材纤维长度 (12 0 0～ 2 2 5 0 μm)。通过研究还得出了基本密度 (BD)、纤维长度 (FL)与生长轮 (年龄CA)和生长轮宽度(RW)。数学模型为FL =12 6 9 86 4 1+2 7 0 2 0 7CA - 5 4 4 4 3RW ;BD =0 4 782 - 0 0 0 2 4CA +0 0 0 2 9RW ,以此分析了木材性质与树木生长特性之间的关系 ,为速生用材林的培育提供依据。     

观光木人工林驯化栽培试验和系统生产力研究

本文对观光木驯化栽培环节中的采种、育苗、造林、管抚等摸索了一定的经验,并用分层切割法测定10年生样本地上部分各器官的生物量,用壕沟法测定地下部分根系的生物量。结果表明:10年生林分生物量为55.03t/hm~2,其中乔木层为53.035t/hm~2(占96.37%),乔木层中树干、枝、叶和根系分别为37.91t/hm~2、6.17t/hm~2、2.21t/hm~2和6.75t/hm~2。18年生解析木数据表明:胸径、树高和材积速生期分别出现在4—12年、5—7年和第14年。     

世界天然橡胶现状

本文就当前世界天然橡胶的产量，主产国产量的预测，消费动向，胶价走势及胶树用途的拓展作些简介。     

晋东南石灰岩山地油松人工林立地类型划分及评价

利用１１８块野外标准地资料，对晋东南石灰岩山地油松人工林进行了立地类型划分及生长评价。经分析坡向、海拔、土层厚度为影响林木生长的主导立地因子，３个主导立地因子共构成２４个组合立地，每个组合立地可视为一个立地类型，用最优分割法将２４个立地类型划分为４个立地类型组。在优势木与平均木树高相关分析的基础上，以椽材林木为标准。对４个立地类型组进行了林木生长评价与预测。     

Establishment of Prosopis cineraria (L.) druce in the hot deserts of India

Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce, commonly known as Jandi, is a deep rooted, nitrogen fixing, multipurpose tree endemic to the hot deserts of India. These trees are the essential component of the agroforestry land use system in these parts of India. The shade-intolerant tree reproduces poorly in nature and is difficult to propagate vegetatively. Germination up to 86.6% was observed after 15 days in seeds soaked in water at room temperature for 72 h. In another treatment, pouring of boiling water twice (at 0 and 6 h) over seeds and germinating after 12 h produced germination rates of 92.6%. Field establishment of containerized transplants in polythene bags (22×10 cm; 150 gauge) gave 90.3% survival after 6 months and 75.4% survival after 24 months. Seedlings were irrigated once during transplanting with 15 1 water. Bare root transplants and manual direct seeding after 6 months had a survival of 30.8 and 45.0%, respectively. Increased levels of nutrients (N, P and K), moisture content and organic carbon were observed under plantations as compared to open areas.     

马尾松林间伐前后养分动态的研究

根据定位观测数据，对马尾松人工中龄林间伐前后的养分变化状况进行了分析研究．结果表明，通过间伐，林木各器官的养分含量均发生了明显的变化．林分养分的积累量，随着林分生物量的变化而变化．间伐以前，主要营养元素在树冠生物量中积压最多．间伐以后，主要营养元素在树干生物量中积累最多。说明间伐可以增加树干的干物质积累，对提高林木产量具有重要意义．